Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Persian پاک
← Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (inherited)
← Latin purus (cognate)
← Sanskrit पावक (cognate)

→ Cimbrian böoban (cognate)
→ Persian پاکستان (affix)
→ Georgian ფანქარი (derived)
→ Kazakh пәк (derived)
→ Sanskrit पावक (cognate)
→ Sylheti ꠙꠣꠇ (borrowed)
→ Turkish pak (borrowed)
→ Uyghur پاك (derived)