Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Spanish romano
English Roman (cognate)
Spanish rumano (doublet)
Latin rōmānus (inherited)

Spanish rumano (doublet)
Spanish romanizar (affix)
Spanish grecorromano (compound)
Spanish prerromano (affix)
Spanish tardorromano (affix)
Spanish romanidad (suffix)