Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Spanish
pichón
←
English
pigeon
(cognate)
←
Italian
piccione
(borrowed)
←
Latin
pīpiō
(derived)
←
Latin
pīpiōnis
(mention)
→
Spanish
pichoncito
(affix)