Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Spanish
pólipo
←
Spanish
pulpo
(doublet)
←
Latin
polypus
(derived)
→
Spanish
pulpo
(doublet)
→
Spanish
poliposis
(suffix)