Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Spanish hoyo
← Asturian fueyu (cognate)
← Galician foxo (cognate)
← Latin fovea (inherited)
← Latin (mention)
← Portuguese fojo (cognate)

→ Asturian fueyu (cognate)
→ Spanish hoyuelo (suffix)
→ Spanish hoyazo (affix)
→ Spanish hoyito (affix)
→ Galician foxo (cognate)