Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Spanish
fosa
←
English
fosse
(cognate)
←
Spanish
huesa
(doublet)
←
Latin
fossa
(borrowed)
→
Spanish
huesa
(doublet)
→
Spanish
narcofosa
(prefix)
→
Spanish
fosita
(affix)