Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Spanish
arenque
←
German
Hering
(cognate)
←
Proto-Germanic
*harenga
(derived)
←
Old High German
hering
(derived)
←
Occitan
arenc
(borrowed)