Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Middle English
venquysshen
←
Old French
veincre
(borrowed)
←
Proto-Italic
*winkō
(derived)
←
Latin
vinco
(derived)
→
English
vanquish
(inherited)