English topsy-turvy

← Old English *tierfan (inherited)

← Old English tearflian (cognate)

← Old English torfian (inherited)

← Old English ġetyrfian (cognate)

← English top (mention)

← English tops (mention)

← English so (mention)

← English topside (mention)

← English terve (mention)

← English turve (mention)

← English (suffix)

← English y (suffix)

← English (mention)

← Middle English terven (inherited)

← Proto-Germanic *turbōną (inherited)

← Proto-Germanic *turbijaną (mention)

← Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (root)

← Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (derived)

→ English higgledy-piggledy (link)

→ English topsy-turviness (suffix)

→ English topsy-turvily (suffix)

→ English topsy-turvification (suffix)