Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
English
surplus
←
Middle English
surplus
(inherited)
←
French
surplus
(cognate)
←
Middle French
surplus
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*pleh₁-
(root)
→
English
ug
(link)
→
English
nonsurplus
(prefix)
→
English
superplus
(mention)