Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
English
senpai
←
Mandarin
先輩
(cognate)
←
English
sunbae
(doublet)
←
Japanese
先輩
(borrowed)
←
Middle Chinese
先
(derived)
←
Middle Chinese
輩
(mention)
→
English
sunbae
(doublet)