Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
English
mathom
←
Old English
māþum
(learned borrowing)
←
Proto-Germanic
*maiþmaz
(derived)
→
Gothic
𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌼𐍃
(cognate)