Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
English
luxe
←
English
lock
(cognate)
←
French
luxe
(borrowed)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*lewg-
(root)
←
Latin
luxus
(derived)
→
English
lock
(doublet)
→
English
hyperluxe
(prefix)
→
English
ultraluxe
(prefix)