Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
English excavation
Proto-Indo-European *keu- (derived)
Latin excavātiō (borrowed)
Latin excavō (mention)
Latin ex (mention)
Latin cavō (mention)
Latin cavus (mention)

English excavate (link)
English sub-excavation (prefix)
English excavational (suffix)
English excavationist (suffix)
Polish wykop (link)