English espionage

← English spy (mention)

← French espionnage (borrowed)

← Middle French espionner (derived)

← Old French espion (derived)

← Old High German spehon (cognate)

← Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (root)

← Italian spione (derived)

← Italian spia (mention)

→ English counterespionage (prefix)

→ English cyberespionage (prefix)

→ English antiespionage (prefix)

→ English sexpionage (blend)

→ English espiocrat (suffix)

→ English counter-espionage (prefix)

→ English lexpionage (blend)