Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
English
costard
←
Middle English
costard
(inherited)
←
Old French
coste
(derived)
→
English
costermonger
(compound)
→
English
costardmonger
(compound)