Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
English
armada
←
English
army
(doublet)
←
Spanish
armada
(borrowed)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*h₂er-
(root)
←
Latin
armō
(derived)
←
Latin
arma
(mention)
→
English
army
(doublet)
→
Latin
armatus
(link)