Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Greek
αστέρι
←
Ancient Greek
ἀστήρ
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*h₂stḗr
(inherited)
→
English
star
(cognate)
→
Greek
πεφταστέρι
(compound)