Middle Dutch -er

← Proto-Germanic *-izô (inherited)

← Proto-Germanic *-ōzô (mention)

← Old Dutch -iro (inherited)

← Old Dutch -oro (mention)

→ English quacksalver (mention)

→ Danish ridder (affix)

→ German Ritter (mention)

→ Dutch herder (mention)

→ Vilamovian ritter (mention)