Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Danish bad
English bath (cognate)
English Bad (cognate)
Proto-Germanic *baþą (inherited)
Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁- (root)
Old Norse bað (derived)

English bad (cognate)
Danish skumbad (compound)
Danish badebukser (compound)
Danish blodbad (compound)
Danish vandbad (affix)