Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Welsh
pobl
←
Proto-Brythonic
*pobl
(inherited)
←
Irish
pobal
(cognate)
←
Latin
populus
(derived)
←
Old Irish
popul
(cognate)
←
Middle Welsh
pobyl
(inherited)
→
Welsh
pobloedd
(affix)
→
Welsh
poblog
(affix)
→
Irish
pobal
(cognate)