Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Welsh
huan
←
Breton
huon
(cognate)
←
Proto-Celtic
*sawenos
(derived)
←
Welsh
haul
(cognate)
←
English
sun
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*sh̥₂uén
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*sóh₂wl̥
(mention)
→
English
sun
(cognate)