Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Welsh du
Proto-Brythonic *duβ (inherited)
Proto-Celtic *dubus (inherited)
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (root)
Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (derived)

English Tondu (mention)
Welsh dueg (affix)
Welsh penddu (compound)
Welsh twyllwr du (mention)
Welsh parddu (mention)
Welsh düwch (affix)
Welsh clymog ddu (compound)
Welsh Dulyn (compound)
Scottish Gaelic dubh (cognate)