Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Welsh cadw
Proto-Celtic (inherited)
English hat (cognate)
English heed (cognate)
Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (inherited)
Latin cassis (cognate)

English hat (cognate)
Welsh -i (mention)
Welsh gwarchod (prefix)
Welsh ceidwad (affix)