Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Welsh
bedw
←
Proto-Celtic
*betwiyos
(inherited)
←
Proto-Celtic
*betuyā
(mention)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*gʷet-
(derived)
→
Welsh
bedwen
(affix)
→
Welsh
Penbedw
(compound)
→
Latin
bitumen
(cognate)