Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Welsh
bardd
←
Proto-Brythonic
*barð
(inherited)
←
Proto-Celtic
*bardos
(inherited)
→
Welsh
prifardd
(affix)
→
Scottish Gaelic
bàrd
(cognate)