Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Welsh
Caerfyrddin
←
Proto-Celtic
(inherited)
←
Proto-Celtic
*mori
(mention)
←
Proto-Celtic
*dūnom
(mention)
←
Welsh
caer
(compound)
←
Welsh
Myrddin
(compound)
←
Welsh
môr
(mention)
←
Welsh
din
(mention)
←
Latin
Moridūnum
(cognate)
→
English
Carmarthen
(derived)
→
Welsh
din
(link)