Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Proto-Celtic
*gustu-
→
Scottish Gaelic
Aonghas
(derived)
→
Manx
Anghus
(cognate)
→
Middle Irish
Aengus
(inherited)