Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Catalan
xaval
←
Spanish
chaval
(cognate)
←
Caló
chavale
(borrowed)
←
Caló
chavó
(mention)
→
Catalan
xava
(clipping)