Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Catalan
tauró
←
Portuguese
tubarão
(borrowed)
←
Old Tupi
uperú
(derived)
→
Spanish
tiburón
(cognate)
→
Galician
tiburón
(cognate)
→
Galician
tabeirón
(cognate)
→
Portuguese
tubarão
(cognate)