Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Catalan
riu
←
Proto-Indo-European
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*h₃er-
(mention)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*-wós
(mention)
←
Latin
rīvus
(inherited)
←
Old Occitan
riu
(inherited)
→
Catalan
riuada
(affix)
→
Catalan
cranc de riu
(mention)
→
Portuguese
rio
(cognate)