Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Catalan
penya
←
Latin
pinna
(derived)
→
Catalan
penya-segat
(compound)
→
Catalan
Penedès
(mention)
→
Catalan
penyista
(affix)
→
Catalan
penyal
(affix)