Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Catalan
fil
←
Proto-Indo-European
*gʷʰiH-(s-)lo-
(derived)
←
Latin
fīlum
(inherited)
←
Old Occitan
(inherited)
→
Catalan
afilar
(affix)