Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Catalan
duc
←
Catalan
ducat
(link)
←
Catalan
duc blanc
(link)
←
Old French
duc
(borrowed)
←
Latin
dux
(derived)
→
Catalan
duquessa
(suffix)
→
Catalan
arxiduc
(prefix)