Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Arabic أُمّ

→ English mother of all (calque)
→ South Levantine Arabic أم (learned borrowing)
→ South Levantine Arabic إم (inherited)
→ North Levantine Arabic إم (inherited)
→ Arabic أمة (mention)
→ Arabic أم القرى (affix)
→ Maltese omm (inherited)