Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Old English rūm

→ English room (inherited)
→ English room (inherited)
→ Old English gerum (prefix)
→ Middle English roum (inherited)
→ Irish rúm (derived)
→ Old Norse rúm (cognate)
→ Old Irish róe (cognate)