Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Old English hwæþer
Proto-Germanic *hwaþeraz (inherited)
Old High German wedar (cognate)
Old Norse hvaðarr (cognate)

English whether (inherited)
English nauther (mention)
Old English swæþer (mention)
Old English hwæþre (suffix)
Ancient Greek πότερος (cognate)
Sanskrit कतर (cognate)