Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Old English
heretoga
←
Old English
here
(affix)
←
Old English
*toga
(affix)
←
Proto-West Germanic
*harjatogō
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ker-
(root)
→
English
duke
(cognate)
→
English
heretog
(derived)
→
English
heretoga
(learned borrowing)
→
Middle English
heretowa
(inherited)