Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Old English
bodig
←
Proto-West Germanic
*bodag
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*bʰewdʰ-
(derived)
→
Scottish Gaelic
bodhaig
(cognate)